Selasa, 01 Maret 2011

adverb clause ( tugas bahasa inggris )


ADVERB CLAUSE
                 adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja.
 Adverbial Clause biasanya  diklasifikasikan  berdasarkan  "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata  penghubung  yang  mendahuluinya).


Jenis  -jenis  Adverbial  Clause
    antara lain:

  1.  Clause of Time

Clause  yang  menunjukkan  waktu.  Biasanya  dibuat  dengan  menggunakan conjunction
(kata penghubung)  seperti  after ,  before ,  no sooner ,  while , as , dll.

Contoh:
Shut the door before you go out.
You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.

2.  Clause of Place

   Clause  yang  menunjukkan  tempat.  Biasanya  dibuat  dengan  menggunakan  conjunction  seperti where ,  nowhere ,  anywhere ,  wherever , dll.

Contoh:
They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
The guard stood where he was positioned.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
Go where you like.

3.  Clause of Contrast (or Concession)

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.
Contoh:

As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.

4.  Clause of Manner

      Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti  as,  how,  like , in that,  dll.

Contoh:

He did as I told him.
You may finish it how you like.
They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.


5.  Clause of Purpose and Result

     Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.

Contoh:


They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.

6. Clause of Cause and Effect

     Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.

Contoh:

Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
Contoh:

The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.
Contoh:

He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.

Contoh:


      Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect  (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu:

1.       Menggunakan  Preposition (kata depan)  seperti  
because  of , due to, due to the fact that, dll

Contoh:

Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather)
Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather)
Due to the fact that the
eather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)

2.       Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti
Because ,  since ,  now , that, as , as , long as , inasmuch as

Contoh:

Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.




        Beberapa  Adverb Clause  dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara:

»  Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be).

Contoh:

a. ADVERB CLAUSE : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.

 »  Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.

Contoh:

a.    ADVERB CLAUSE : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast
b.    MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.

Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clause dan subjek dari main Clause sama.

Contoh:

©  DAPAT DIRUBAH

While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.
Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends MENJADI Since coming to this country, Mary has made many friends.

©  TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH

While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.


info by :
http://ismailmidi.com/berita-89-adverb-clause.html

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